For decades, frustrated parents and teachers have barked at fidgety children with ADHD to 鈥淪it still and concentrate!鈥�
But new research conducted at 91吃瓜网 shows that if you want ADHD kids to learn, you have to let them squirm. The foot-tapping, leg-swinging and chair-scooting movements of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are actually vital to how they remember information and work out complex cognitive tasks, according to a of the Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology.
The findings show the longtime prevailing methods for helping children with ADHD may be misguided.
鈥淭he typical interventions target reducing hyperactivity. It鈥檚 exactly the opposite of what we should be doing for a majority of children with ADHD,鈥� said one of the study鈥檚 authors, Mark Rapport, head of the Children鈥檚 Learning Clinic at the 91吃瓜网. 鈥淭he message isn鈥檛 鈥楲et them run around the room,鈥� but you need to be able to facilitate their movement so they can maintain the level of alertness necessary for cognitive activities.鈥�
The research has major implications for how parents and teachers should deal with ADHD kids, particularly with the increasing weight given to students鈥� performance on standardized testing. The study suggests that a majority of students with ADHD could perform better on classroom work, tests and homework if they鈥檙e sitting on activity balls or exercise bikes, for instance.
The study at the 91吃瓜网 clinic included 52 boys ages 8 to 12. Twenty-nine of the children had been diagnosed with ADHD and the other 23 had no clinical disorders and showed normal development.
Each child was asked to perform a series of standardized tasks designed to gauge 鈥渨orking memory,鈥� the system for temporarily storing and managing information required to carry out complex cognitive tasks such as learning, reasoning and comprehension.
Children were shown a series of jumbled numbers and a letter that flashed onto a computer screen, then asked to put the numbers in order, followed by the letter. A high-speed camera recorded the kids, and observers recorded their every movement and gauged their attention to the task.
Rapport鈥檚 previous research had already shown that the excessive movement that鈥檚 a trademark of hyperactive children 鈥� previously thought to be ever-present 鈥� is actually apparent only when they need to use the brain鈥檚 executive brain functions, especially their working memory.
The new study goes an important step further, proving the movement serves a purpose.
鈥淲hat we鈥檝e found is that when they鈥檙e moving the most, the majority of them perform better,鈥� Rapport said. 鈥淭hey have to move to maintain alertness.鈥�
By contrast, the children in the study without ADHD also moved more during the cognitive tests, but it had the opposite effect: They performed worse.
In addition to Rapport, the study was co-authored by Dustin Sarver of the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Michael Kofler of Florida State University, Lauren Friedman of the 91吃瓜网, and Joe Raiker of Florida International University.